Indications

Type 2 DM.

Contraindication

Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis w/ or w/o coma (including diabetic ketoacidosis); surgical procedures. Acute or chronic alcohol use. Serum creatinine (SCr) ≥1.5 mg/dL (males) or ≥1.4 mg/dL (females) or abnormal CrCl. Hepatic impairment. Intravascular admin of iodinated contrast materials.

Special Precautions

Patient w/ heart failure, G6PD deficiency. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor urine (glucose and ketones), FPG, HbA1c, and fructosamine; haematologic parameters (e.g. Hb/hematocrit, RBC indices), renal function; signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia; vit B12 levels.

Side Effects

Hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, upper resp infection, diarrhoea, dizziness, HTN, nausea and vomiting.

Drug Interactions

Decreased hypoglycaemic effect w/ thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, oestrogen, OC, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, Ca channel blockers, isoniazid. Glipizide: Increased hypoglycaemic effect w/ NSAIDs and other highly protein bound drugs, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, MAOIs, β-blockers. Risk of severe hypoglycaemia w/ oral miconazole. Decreased plasma concentration w/ colesevelam. Metformin: Increased plasma concentration w/ furosemide, nifedipine and cimetidine.

Route of Administration

Oral

Dosage

As directed by the physician